Russia's Putin pledged 'unwavering' support for new Supreme Leader Mojtaba Khamenei. China's foreign ministry warned against targeting Iran's leadership. Both nations are providing economic lifelines and intelligence support, complicating US war strategy.
Russia is providing intelligence sharing, diplomatic support at the UN, economic lifelines through sanctions evasion, and reportedly advanced air defense systems, though not direct military intervention.
China opposes the war publicly and continues buying Iranian oil through sanctions-evading mechanisms. China has warned against targeting Iran's leadership and called for an immediate ceasefire.
Analysis based on data from the U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA), International Energy Agency (IEA), Lloyd's of London maritime insurance reports, and Pentagon operational cost estimates. Route distances calculated using Haversine great-circle formulas validated against published port-to-port distances. Updated 2026-03-11.
Source: WW3 Tools (ww3tools.com) | Please cite this source when referencing this data.